What if you learned the truth about your father through a DNA test, a truth that could turn everything you thought you knew upside down? While the shock may be overwhelming, the clarity that comes with it could be life-changing. Though it may be difficult at first, it’s far better than living with unanswered questions.
In Nigeria, a troubling rise in paternity fraud is leaving families in chaos, marriages shattered, and children grappling with a new reality.
But what happens to the children in the midst of this chaos, especially minors? The emotional toll can last a lifetime. The shock of learning their biological parent isn’t who they thought it was can lead to serious mental issues, confusion about their identity, and emotional instability.
This article explores how such revelations affect a child’s sense of self-worth, identity, and overall mental health.
The Rise of Paternity DNA Tests in Nigeria
Paternity disputes are becoming common, particularly among unmarried couples.
Our 2024 State of DNA Test Report in Nigeria indicates that 27% of paternity tests performed at our center yielded negative results, while 73% returned positive results. This implies that, in the majority of instances, the men requesting testing are, in fact, the biological fathers. Nevertheless, in more than 1 in 4 cases, the individual tested is not the biological father of the child. This revelation has caused alarm within Nigeria and has served as an awakening for many men regarding DNA testing. Furthermore, societal pressure surrounding paternity testing is increasing, leading more men to seek confirmation of their paternity.
General impact on the mental health of the child irrespective of the result
| S/N | Positive result | Negative result |
| 1 | Feeling of relief A child may experience a sense of relief after the paternity test results are revealed. If the test confirms that the man they consider their father is indeed their biological parent, the child may feel a sense of reassurance and validation. Knowing that their connection to both parents is confirmed can ease any lingering doubts or uncertainties, providing emotional comfort. | Initial confusion and Uncertainty The first emotional reaction a child might experience after a negative paternity result is confusion. The realization that the presumed father is not biologically related can disrupt the child’s sense of identity, especially if they had developed a close bond with the father figure. This confusion can cause emotional distress, leaving the child with questions about their personal history and family structure. |
| 2 | Sense of Security and belonging A confirmed biological connection provides the child with a sense of security and belonging. Knowing that both parents are actively involved in their life, regardless of past doubts, reinforces their identity and their place within the family. This feeling of being loved and acknowledged by both parents contributes to stronger emotional resilience and a healthy sense of self-worth. | Loss of trust If the negative result comes as a surprise, it may lead to feelings of betrayal, not just from the father but potentially from the mother as well, depending on the situation. This emotional response is natural, but how the situation is handled will influence whether the child can rebuild that trust moving forward. Male children might grow up with a belief that women are untrustworthy, while female children might struggle with feelings of inadequacy and a fear of not being trusted. |
| 3 | Strengthened father-child bond When the father’s involvement is reaffirmed through a positive paternity result, it can lead to deeper emotional engagement. This connection encourages the father to be more present in the child’s life, both physically and emotionally. A supportive, involved father figure positively impacts the child’s emotional development, helping them feel valued and supported in their daily life. | Emotional distress and Anger The child may experience emotional distress, anger, or frustration, especially if they feel misled or deceived. These feelings can stem from the uncertainty and upheaval caused by the revelation. If the situation isn’t addressed with care, it may lead to increased anxiety, sadness, or even behavioral issues as the child processes these emotions. |
| 4 | Enhanced Emotional Stability Children thrive in stable environments where they feel supported and understood by both parents. A positive paternity test result can ease any previous emotional strain the child may have felt due to uncertainty about their biological parentage. This clarity helps alleviate feelings of confusion or anxiety, fostering a sense of emotional stability as they grow. | Impact on self-identity A paternity test can lead the child to question their identity. If they were raised with the understanding that one person was their biological parent, discovering otherwise (or confirming it) can be difficult to digest. This can make them feel disconnected from their sense of self. The impact can be particularly pronounced if the result affects the child’s perception of their family dynamics, altering their understanding of who they are and where they belong. |
Effective Strategies to Protect Children’s Mental Health After Paternity DNA Test Results
- Monitor Behavioral Changes
Pay close attention to any changes in the child’s behavior or mood after the results are revealed. This could include withdrawal, acting out, or a sudden decrease in academic performance. Identifying these changes early can prompt timely intervention if needed.
- Create a stable and supportive environment
The emotional aftermath of a paternity DNA test can be overwhelming for children, making it essential to provide a stable and supportive environment. Fostering open communication, offering emotional support, and ensuring consistent care are all crucial to helping children cope with the revelation. In some cases, a change of surroundings might also aid in the healing process, offering a fresh perspective and emotional reset.
- Encourage Open Expression of Feelings
Provide a safe space for children to express any emotions they may have, whether it’s confusion, sadness, or anger. Acknowledging their feelings and validating their experience can help prevent internalized stress and anxiety.
- Protect the Child from Conflict or Adult Disputes
Any adult conflicts that arise due to the paternity test should be kept separate from the child’s experience. Children should not be exposed to arguments, blame, or resentment that may emerge between parents, as these can create additional emotional stress.
- Seek Professional Support
In cases where the results might lead to emotional turmoil, enlisting a child psychologist or counselor can be invaluable. A professional can help the child process the information and deal with any psychological distress. Family therapy may also provide a supportive environment for discussing feelings and maintaining family cohesion.
- Reassure Consistency of Care and Love
Regardless of the test result, the child should be reassured that their relationship with both parents remains intact. It’s crucial to reinforce that parental love, support, and commitment are not dependent on genetics, and the emotional bond they share is what truly matters.
- Gradual and Respectful Transition
If the paternity test reveals a new or unexpected biological parent, the transition should be handled slowly and with care. Whether the child is introduced to a new family member or an existing bond is reshaped, the process should be gradual, allowing the child to adjust at their own pace.
Conclusion
The impact of paternity DNA test results on the mental health of children in Nigeria is a complicated issue, with both positive and negative outcomes. While such tests can provide clarity and reassurance in cases of uncertainty, they can also trigger confusion, emotional distress, and a crisis of identity, particularly when the results are unexpected. For children, the psychological effects of discovering the truth about their biological parentage can be profound, affecting their sense of self, trust in their family, and overall emotional well-being.
However, with careful management, the potential negative consequences can be mitigated. By prioritizing open communication, providing emotional support, and involving professionals when necessary, families can help children navigate the complexities that arise from paternity testing. It is crucial to remember that regardless of the test results, the love, support, and stability provided by both parents are vital for the child’s mental health. As paternity testing becomes more common in Nigeria, understanding its psychological impact and implementing effective strategies will be essential in safeguarding the emotional well-being of children and preserving family unity.
Author’s Bio
Owoyemi Hanifat Opeyemi, B.Sc., M.Sc., is a dedicated Psychology enthusiast and Mental Health Advocate with a strong commitment to supporting individual well-being. Currently serving as the Client Liaison Officer and In-house Counselor at SmartDNA, she provides essential Pre-test and Post-test counseling to clients, ensuring their emotional and psychological support throughout the process.
As an emerging Psychology professional, Owoyemi also conducts research focused on assessing the cognitive and behavioral effects of neurological disorders, contributing to a deeper understanding of mental health challenges. With her expertise and passion, she works tirelessly to bridge the gap between psychological care and personalized client support.